Essay on Collapse Final - 2224 Words

Collapse Final Question One In his book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond outlines five factors that may lead to a societal collapse: climate change, hostile neighbors, loss of trading partners, environmental damage, and a society’s response to its problems. The climate change Diamond is talking about here refers to natural fluctuations in weather; fifty years of great weather can lead to a population boom, but followed by fifty years of bad weather it can lead to collapse caused by lack of food. Before things were written down, word of mouth was how information got passed down; there is a time limit to living memory and a society could forget that the climate of the place they inhabited didn’t†¦show more content†¦All of these factors, with the exception of the introduction of alien species, are rooted in overpopulation relative to the capacity of the environment. According to Diamond, there are two methods to prevent collapse; the bottom- up method and the top-down method. The Bottom-up method is most effective in small societies where everyone knows and is accountable to their neighbors. This allows for the community to create and implement a solution to its own issues. The Top-down method is meant for bigger societies with bigger government, like the U.S. Unlike with the bottom-up method, the people are not concerned with the well-being of the entire group; they do not have an overview of the entire society. However, a ruler does, and also has the ability to impose rules and regulations on their society to preserve the environment for future generations. Societies that choose to implement these methods have a better success rate than those that do not. Also factored into the success of a society is the fragility of the environment, and choosing an economy to fit that environment. As discussed in class, Diamond uses the method of cherry-picking to prove his theories. Basically, he picks and chooses which f acts to include in his book to best support his theories. It is impossible for him to list all of the evidence for the collapse of a societyShow MoreRelatedJuno and the Paycock - Deterioration of a Relationship Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Irish Civil War. Throughout the play, we can see the titular character’s, Juno Boyle and Jack Boyle, relationship deteriorate , and how dramatic events in their lives and the lives of their children, Johnny and Mary, cause the entire family to collapse. The play is set closely following the signing of the treaty dividing Ireland into sections and features the resulting conflict between the diehards who want a united, free Ireland, and the free-staters, who support the treaty, with this conflictRead MoreA Short History of Progress2404 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Runaway Train, and the House of Cards. 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Mapping Compensation Free Essays

Wall-Mart has a lot of these things in common with Microsoft, although Wall-Mart tries to soften the low at times by cushioning their employment strategy with a discount card or special privileges. Most of the employees at Wall-Mart start at around $8. 80 an hour, but that is just the base pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Mapping Compensation or any similar topic only for you Order Now If an employee does well within the company, over time, Wall-Mart will steadily increase the employee’s paycheck, depending on his or her performance of their duties that year. That is where the performance-based pay that is similar to Microsoft’s strategy comes into play. If an employee does well, he or she will get a raise. If not, then the raise will not happen. A lot of people who try to work at places like Wall-Mart expect instant gratification for their accomplishments, but they will not receive it. An employee must work hard to earn the raise given to him or her at their time of the year. In Figure 2. 8 in the text, Microsoft and AS are compared and contrasted in a compensation map. On Microsoft’s side, there seems to be a very low focus on work/life balance, and the same can be said for Wall-Mart. If an employee accepts a shift at Wall- Mart, he or she had better show up, or risk being fired. Wall-Mart is very strict in this area and does not accept a lot of excuses as far as frequent â€Å"family emergencies† or problems. From personal experience, if there is a death in the immediate family, Wall-Mart will ask for a copy of the death certificate as proof that the employee is not lying. This is a bit disturbing and could be considered offensive to some. Another mapping point from Figure 2. 8 is that Microsoft puts heavy emphasis on hierarchy. Wall-Mart and Microsoft share this part of their strategy. Wall-Mart believes that the basic employees receive Asia pay, while the managers and those on salary receive higher pay. However, there is a â€Å"price† to being on salary versus being an hourly employee. As an hourly employee, the shift is worked within the hours specified, and the job is done. There are no established hours for salaried managers at Wall-Mart. Some have even worked 80 hour weeks in the busy season just to try to keep up with customer satisfaction. One thing that does differ between the two compensation strategies is that Microsoft puts a medium importance to sharing group success, while Wall-Marts strategy is more about the individual. There are really no â€Å"groups† per SE within Wall- Mart’s hierarchy, just groups of employees who perform the same job. There is no focus on group success, or group incentives. There are the occasional pep talks in which the managers try to get their employees motivated, but really, the employees would rather be working than sitting in a meeting. It seems that Microsoft values group success, but it also values the individual as well, offering incentives for jobs performed. These companies seem very different from the outside, but when an inside look is taken, there are more molarities than can be seen from the outside. How to cite Mapping Compensation, Papers

Supervisory Management

Question: Discuss about the Supervisory Management. Answer: Introduction The supervisory management is an important practice in the business management. The supervisory management activities involve the management of the front line workers by keeping close contact with them and scrutinize the work done by them. The managers in charge of the human resources of the organization belong to the supervisory positions and their main function is to align the operations of their teams with the organizations objectives. The supervisors are the first managers and their primary function is to assure that the work is done. They supervise the work completed by the employees under them and several times participate in the organizations operations (Mosley, Mosley and Pietri, 2014). In a business organization, there are three levels of management senior management, middle management and the first-line management. In addition to it, the other employees belong to the non-managerial positions. The supervisors belong to the front-line manager positions. Although supervisory m anagement is a managerial position, it is different from other management positions in a number of ways. The degree of authority in the supervisory management is limited as well as it involves much more direct contact with the employees. However, the supervisors have wider responsibilities in comparison to the managers. The people in the supervisory positions perform functions related to the management of the resources and the responsibilities of the employees, management, fellow supervisors, customers and the suppliers. With the changes in the global business scenario and the realization that human resource are the most critical resource of an organization, the role and the demand of the supervisors has been changing (Evans, 2001). In this regard, this paper examines the duties of the supervisors and the precautions and responsibilities of the duties. Duties and Responsibilities of Supervisor The primary function of the supervisor is to oversee the work at the facilities of the organization. However, there role is not limited to it and the supervisors are also responsible for employee coaching, manage workplace conflicts and serving as a communication medium between the subordinates and the management. The primary responsibilities of the supervisor are to serve as a coach or mentor, production, assuring safety health and physical welfare and development of cooperation (Management Help, 2017). Coaching and Employee Mentoring: Since the supervisors work as a link between the employees and the organization, they are significant in employer-employee relationship. The coaching and the employee mentoring are a significant aspect of the employee-employer relationship. The coaching involves training the employees for their job roles. In coaching, the employees make suitable goals, action plans and timelines to coach the employees for their job roles. The supervisor also provides support and opportunity to the employees to achieve their targets. The targets for the individual employees can only be determined by examining the time available for training, personal strengths and career preferences of the employees. With the experience, the employees have adequate experience of the profession and the organization than the employee. The supervisor can provide advice to the employees for direction and development in their career. Production: As a manager, the primary responsibility of the supervisor is to ensure that all the work is done correctly and as per the time provided. In this regard, the supervisor must manage the work in such a way so that the work is organized and managed so that maximum production can be achieved with minimum efforts. The supervisor is also responsible for delegating the authority for completing the tasks so that the tasks can be completed successfully. He is also responsible to manage the work flow and complete the tasks correctly. Safety and Physical Welfare of Subordinates: The safety of the workplace is directly associated with the productivity of the organization. Creating a safe work environment is integral for the organization. If the work center professions take leaves due to the workplace incidence and hazards, it creates huge dent to the finance of the organization. Moreover, when the employees take leaves from the organization, it hinders the productivity of the organization. An efficient supervisor emphasis the workplace safety, implement laws and regulations to reduce the workplace hazards and increase awareness regarding the workplace safety. When the supervisor shows concern regarding the safety of the workplace, it increases the confidence and the trust of the employees towards the supervisor. Increasing the concern for the workplace safety can increase the cooperation among the employees. It is crucial for increasing the production of the organization (Reh, 2016). Precautions to Safeguard Information and Records In the present highly competitive workplace, it is important for the organizations the confidentiality of the sensitive information is highly critical for a number of reasons. Firstly, the loss of confidential business information can result in the loss of business or clients. Secondly, the confidential information can be used to commit illegal activities which can result in loss of employer trust and confidence. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to manage the confidentiality of sensitive information of the employees and the organization. There are certain instances of the management information which needs to be protected such as employee relation methods, disciplinary actions, impeding investigation of employee misconduct or termination (Hayes, 2013). Although the disclosure of this information is not illegal, it can create a negative organization environment. Along with it, the business manager needs to protect the propriety information and the trade secrets. It includes the information which is not publically disclosed and the competitors desire to know it through illegal or inappropriate means. For instance, the financial data, business plans, budgets and the financial data or customer lists. The trade secrets do not refer to the information voluntarily available to the public outside the company. In order to protect the confidentiality of the information, the supervisor must take several steps. They should identify the information which needs to be protected and establish the procedures which are needed to be followed for protecting the confidentiality of the information. The supervisor can follow the following procedures to increase the confidentiality of the information: A separate folder should be created for sensitive information which includes the employee trade secrets and the management information. The confidential documents should be stored in a specific place which is accessible only to the employees who must have access to it. The management information stored in electronic mediums must be protected through firewalls, encryption and passwords. The supervisor should also implement policies so that the employers do not leave any sensitive information at their desk The employees should abstain from leaving their workstations unsupervised while dealing with sensitive information The supervisor should also assure that all the confidential information should be disposed properly The employees should not use their private emails to transmit sensitive information to their colleagues The supervisor should also make sure that the employees are familiar with the confidentiality policy of the organization. The supervisor should also control the access to the confidential data to the general employees Moreover, the employer should also conduct pre-employment background checks. When the confidential information is no longer in use, they should be released for destruction. The supervisors must make sure that the records are destroyed entirely and can no longer be of use (Price and Wix, 2002). Examination of Risks and Recommended Insurance Cover A primary function of the supervisory management is to ensure the workplace safety. In this regard, the supervisor has to identify the potential hazards which can occur at the workplace and implement risk management practices to mitigate them. The identification of the activities involves observation of the activities, processes and the substances which can injure the health of the employees. In this regard, the supervisor has to take several steps to identify the potential cause of risks. In the manufacturing workplace, supervisor needs to check the manual instructions of all the raw materials. It will be beneficial in the identification of the hazards and the extent to which they can harm the workplace. The supervisor should also look at the accident and health records of the employees to recognize the potential threats. It is also the responsibility of the supervisor to check the long term health hazards with the supervisor such as high level of noise or exposure to harmful substa nces. A large number of potential risks can be controlled by maintenance, cleaning and creating changes in the production cycles. A supervisor should implement these procedures to control the risks at the workplace (Clarke Cooper, 2004). The workplace hazard can be categorized into physical, behavioral and ergonomic hazards. The physical hazards are the most common type of workplace injury; however, the supervisors often overlook them due to the disregard as a potential threat and required investment in time and money. Some common examples of physical hazards include electrical hazards such as improper wiring or frayed cords, unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts, constant loud noise and high exposure to cold or warm temperatures. The behavioral hazards refer to the attitude of the employees towards the organization. In behavioral hazards, an employee tries to achieve a potential, personal gain with the damage to the employees. It often involves theft of the organizations trade secret. The ergonomic hazards include hazards which impact the health of the employees in the long run. It refers to the body position and the work conditions which can damage the health of the employees. These risks are difficult to identify as the supervisors and the workers cannot immediately identify the harm that these risks can pose. These risks could be mitigated by training the employees regarding safe and proper handling of devices and postures. The employees should also be encouraged to take frequent breaks and stretch their muscles to reduce tension (AWrtz, 2001). With the existence of several workplace hazards and risks, it is important for the organization to insure themselves against these risks. There are certain types of insurances which can be used for to mitigate these risks. The professional liability insurance is an insurance type which protects the organization against negligence claims from the organization mistake or failure to perform. Each industry has its own standards and concerns and the insurance policy must be customized accordingly. Other than that, there are also property insurances which are important for every business. It safeguards the organizations property against several risks such as fire, storm or theft. This insurance covers to inventory, furniture and the equipment of the organization against these risks. The property insurance is necessary for an organization irrespective of the fact that whether the organization owns the property or leases space for the operations (Guzik, 2013). The employers are legally obliged to take care of their employees by implementing safety measures within the workplace. However, they cannot control the instances of the workplace accidents. When these accidents occur, the workers insurance cover can provide the cover to the organization in controlling the financial impact of the accident. There are two primary purposes of the workers insurance cover, firstly, it assures that thee workers get the compensation and the portion of their income while they are unable to return to work as well as protect the organization from any potential law suits from the employees. The workers receive the compensation regardless of who is at fault. If a worker is killed during the accident, the compensation is received by the dependents of the employees. Each workers compensation insurance is different in terms of the injuries covered, how the injuries are evaluated and the medical care which can be delivered with the insurance. The government also has a critical role in the determination of the amount of the workers insurance, how the claims are needed to be handled and how the employer-employee disputes can be resolved. These insurance covers the injuries endured in the organizations premises as well as the injuries sustained in the course and the scope of the employment. It also includes the illness and the occupation diseases developed during the course of employment (Moore, 2008). Purpose and Importance of maintaining work-related Records The supervisor needs to manage all the work-related records as assists the organization to abide by the law, identify the issues in the business management and perform administrative responsibilities accurately. The supervisor needs to manage the employer and the enterprise records. With keeping good records, a supervisor can provide evidence to all the expenses claimed and assist in the tax obligations. It also assist in the year end budgeting and verification of the records. It also provides information regarding strengths and weaknesses of the business and help in implementation of new policies and change management process. It also assists the organization in financial commitments and getting a loan or selling the business. It also assists in distributing the profits to the shareholders and partners. The business records can be maintained manually or can be kept in electronic mediums (Andeson, Anderson and Parker, 2013). On the other hand, keeping accurate employee information is a legal obligation. However, maintaining the up-to-date employee information can be beneficial for the employees in a number of ways. The employee records can be beneficial in recruitment, employee training and even dismissal. The productivity and the performance of the employees can also be effectively monitored with the maintenance of the employee records. It protects the employer from legal litigation. The termination of the employees can result in legal actions and the proper documentation and the justification of the event can provides defense for the organization. With the documentation, an organization can determine the overall competency of employees. The employers can determine the competency gaps and provide training to the employees to enhance their competency. It is also beneficial for the organization to keep records regarding whether the employees have agreed to the training. The record keeping can also assist an organization in identifying the training requirements of the employees (Attorney, 2008). Range of Procedures for work-related Activities It is important that an organization develop a range of procedures for related to work-related communication and maintaining effective standard of services. In relation to the line of communication, all the employees should use a formal and polite tone while communicating with the clients. In addition to it, they should prepare a document all the communication which takes place between them and the customers. The employees should follow the companys guidelines in every communication (Attorney, 2008). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that supervisory management is an integral part of the business management. It refers to the management of the front-line worker. They act as a communication medium between the management and the human resources. The function of the supervisory manager is different from other managerial positions such as they have limited power; however, more communication with the front-line employees. The major responsibilities of the supervisory manager are to impart training and development to the employees, overseeing the production process and ensuring the workplace safety. They implement different strategies to assure that the proper workplace safety practices are implemented in the organization. They are also responsible for maintaining the work-related records and ensuring their safety. Bibliography Andeson, M.A., Anderson, E.J. and Parker, G. 2013. Operations Management For Dummies Attorney, F.S.S. 2008. Hiring Your First Employee: A Step-by-Step Guide. Nolo. AWrtz, G. 2001. Job Hazard Analysis: A Guide to Identifying Risks in the Workplace. Government Institutes. Clarke, S., Cooper, C.L. 2004. Managing the Risk of Workplace Stress: Health and Safety Hazards. Psychology Press. CTI Reviews. 2016. Supervisory Management: Business, Management. Cram101 Textbook Reviews. Evans, D. 2001. Supervisory Management: Principles and Practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. --For dummies. London: John Wiley Sons. Guzik, A. 2013. Essentials for Occupational Health Nursing. John Wiley Sons. Hayes, B. 2013. Workplace Security Playbook: The New Manager's Guide to Security Risk. Elsevier. Management Help. 2017. Roles and Responsibilities of a Supervisor. [Online.] Available at: https://managementhelp.org/supervision/roles.htm [Accessed on: 6 March 2017]. Moore, S.D. 2008. Understanding Workers' Compensation Insurance. London: Cengage Learning. Mosley, D.C., Mosley, D.C. and Pietri, P.H. 2014. Supervisory Management. London: Cengage Learning. Price, C. and Wix, J. 2002. Organise Workplace Information. Max Johnson. Reh, F.J. 2016. What Are the Responsibilities of a Supervisor? The Balance. [Online.] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/supervisor-2276098 [Accessed on: 6 March 2017]. Stanton, J.M. and Stam, K.R. 2006. The Visible Employee: Using Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance to Protect Information Assets--without Compromising Employee Privacy Or Trust. Information Today, Inc.

How to Answer Questions about Accomplishments

The goal in answering this kind of question is to analyze rather than summarize an achievement. This advice is particularly true if youre discussing an accomplishment that is listed elsewhere on the application. Your readers want to gain insight into your character—not read a factual summary of what occurred.Here are some guiding principles to use in constructing your answer:Choose something thats meaningful to you.  Some applicants feel obligated to choose the most objectively impressive accomplishments. You should write about something that has personal significance, even if you werent formally recognized for it. What matters is that you write passionately and insightfully about your subject. Unless otherwise specified, you should feel free to draw on academic, personal, or professional successes.Focus on details about the process.  Show the reader through concrete details how you achieved what you did. If you want to discuss a grade you earned in a particularly challeng ing class, show us how you mastered the material. For example, describe creative strategies you used; dont rely on clichà ©s like I succeeded through hard work.Build tension. Describe obstacles and how you overcame them.  Note initial difficulties or intermediate failures, and show how you recovered. By adding a sense of drama to your story, you not only keep the reader interested, but you also make the accomplishment seem that much more significant.Evaluate the significance of the accomplishment.  Again, the goal here is to add insight beyond what the reader knows from the straightforward facts. For example, you can comment on how the accomplishment represents an aspect of your character, or describe how it fits within your background of successes and failures. Dont get carried away, however, and try to draw overly grand lessons. You might discuss external consequences of your actions to convey their magnitude, but ultimately you should stay focused on your personal response.D ont boast or be overly modest.  This is a hard balance to strike, but if you stay focused on the details of your story, then you shouldnt have a problem. Use the details to convey the magnitude of your accomplishment; you should be able to do so sincerely without having to promote yourself. For example, if you can show through illustrative evidence how you influenced the course of someones life, you wont have to make a presumptuous statement about, for example, having a profound impact on the life of another.This applicant  discusses three accomplishments. The first is a professional achievement with specific details both about the difficulties he encountered and the contributions he made. His second accomplishment comes from his involvement in his community. Note that he makes the following unnecessary statement: This experience was remarkable because it afforded me the privilege of making a positive difference in the lives of others. Although this is certainly true, the writer would be better off showing the difference he has made. Nevertheless, the overall account is still strong, because he does return to focus on specific duties he had and results for which he was responsible.His final accomplishment falls under a personal achievement. Note that he is able to avoid sounding boastful by acknowledging but downplaying praise: My act was heralded in the newspapers and recognized by a citation from the highway patrol and the county in which the event occurred, but this hardly equaled the feeling I received from having saved this boys life. Few of us have been involved in saving another persons life, but this story provides a strong model of engaging dramatic narration and effective use of detail. The writer does not need to spend many words evaluating the significance of his story, because the details have already revealed so much to the reader about his character.

Definition and Examples of Copyediting in English

Definition and Examples of Copyediting in English Copyediting is the process of correcting errors in a text and making it conform to an editorial style (also called house style), which includes spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. A person who prepares a text for publication by performing these tasks is called a copy editor (or in Britain, a sub editor). Alternate Spellings:  copy editing, copy-editing Aims and Kinds of Copyediting The main aims of copy-editing are to remove any obstacles between the reader and what the author wants to convey and to find and solve any problems before the book goes to the typesetter, so that production can go ahead without interruption or unnecessary expense. . . . There are various kinds of editing.   Substantive editing  aims to improve the overall coverage and presentation of a piece of writing, its content, scope,  level  and organization. . . .Detailed editing for sense  is concerned with whether each section expresses the authors meaning clearly, without gaps and contradictions.Checking for consistency  is a mechanical but important task. . . . It involves checking such things as spelling and the use of single or double quotes, either according to a house style or according to the authors own style. . . .Copy-editing usually consists of 2 and 3, plus 4 below.Clear presentation of the material for the typesetter  involves making sure that it is complete and that all the parts are clearly identified. (Judith Butcher, Caroline Drake, and Maureen Leach, Butchers Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders. Cambridge University Press, 2006) How Its Spelled Copyeditor and copyediting have a curious history. Random House is my authority for using the one-word form. But Websters agrees with Oxford on copy editor, although Websters favors copyedit as a verb. They both sanction copyreader and copywriter, with verbs to match. (Elsie Myers Stainton, The Fine Art of Copyediting. Columbia University Press, 2002) The Work of Copy Editors Copy editors are the final gatekeepers before an article reaches you, the reader. To start with, they want to be sure that the spelling and grammar are correct, following our [New York Times] stylebook, of course. . . . They have great instincts for sniffing out suspicious or incorrect facts or things that just dont make sense in context. They are also our final line of protection against libel, unfairness and imbalance in an article. If they stumble over anything, theyre going to work with the writer or the assigning editor (we call them backfield editors) to make adjustments so you dont stumble. That often involves intensive substantive work on an article. In addition, copy editors write the headlines, captions and other display elements for the articles, edit the article for the space available to it (that usually means trims, for the printed paper) and read the proofs of the printed pages in case something slipped by. (Merrill Perlman, Talk to the Newsroom. The New York Times, Ma r. 6, 2007) Julian Barnes on the Style Police For five years in the 1990s, British novelist and essayist  Julian Barnes  served as the London correspondent for  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The New Yorker magazine. In the preface to  Letters From London, Barnes describes how his essays were meticulously clipped and styled by editors and fact-checkers at the magazine. Here he reports on the activities of the anonymous  copy editors, whom he calls  the style police. Writing for  The New Yorker  means, famously, being edited by  The New Yorker: an immensely civilized, attentive and beneficial process which tends to drive you crazy. It begins with the department known, not always affectionately, as the style police. These are the stern puritans who look at one of your sentences and instead of seeing, as you do, a joyful fusion of truth, beauty, rhythm, and wit, discover only a doltish wreckage of capsized grammar. Silently, they do their best to protect you from yourself. You emit muted gargles of protest and attempt to restore your original text. A new set of proofs arrives, and occasionally you will have been graciously permitted a single laxity; but if so, you will also find that a further grammatical delinquency has been corrected. The fact that you never get to talk to the style police, while they retain the power of intervention in your text at any time, makes them seem the more menacing. I used to imagine them sitting in their office with nightsticks and manacles dangling from the walls, swapping satirical and unforgiving opinions of  New Yorker  writers. Guess how many infinitives that Limeys split  this  time? Actually, they are less unbending than I make them sound, and even acknowledge how useful it may be to occasionally split an infinitive. My own particular weakness is a refusal to learn the difference between  which  and  that. I know theres some rule, to do with individuality versus category or something, but I have my ow n rule, which goes like this (or should it be that goes like this?dont ask me): if youve already got a  that  doing business in the vicinity, use  which  instead. I dont think I ever converted the style police to this working principle. (Julian Barnes, Letters From London. Vintage, 1995)   The Decline of Copyediting The brutal fact is that American newspapers, coping with drastically shrinking revenue, have drastically reduced the levels of editing, with a concomitant increase in errors, slipshod writing, and other defects. Copy editing, in particular, was seen at the corporate level as a cost center, an expensive frill, money wasted on people obsessing with commas. Copy desk staffs have been decimated, more than once, or eliminated outright with the work transferred to distant hubs, where, unlike Cheers, nobody knows your name. (John McIntyre, Gag Me With a Copy Editor. The Baltimore Sun, January 9, 2012)

Out of African film and the book changes by Ama Ata Aidoo Essay

Out of African film and the book changes by Ama Ata Aidoo - Essay Example Despite huge difference in their classes, Farah is treated like a close friend by Karen. She always fearlessly interacted with him to discuss work affairs. Karen and Denys overcome many stereotypes associated with a British colonial lifestyle. For example, Karen disregards the life of a delicate British lady and deals with many work affairs which traditionally used to be looked after by men. Denys also disregarded the aloofness of a typical British aristocrat and treated the local Africans with great respect. This trait helped him to transcend cultural boundaries and effortlessly interact with different African tribes. The scene where Karen begs to have land set aside for â€Å"my Kikuyu† to live on once she is forced to leave Kenya is very significant because it shows that she wants what is the best for the Kikuyu people. It shows her loyalty to them and how attached she has become to them during the times she spent in Kenya. The representation of colonialism in Tarzan: The Ape Man is different from that in Out of Africa. In the latter, the British colonists more or less try to act as peacemakers with the locals. In the Tarzan film, there is a very clear line between the whites and blacks. No importance is given to the blacks who only look like mere shadows in the background. There is obvious othering of the African nation. In The African Queen also, the attitudes and observations about Africa and its people are different than those in Out of Africa. The colonialists are shown as civilized people, while the Africans are characterized by negative values. There is no harmony between the colo nialists and the Africans who are shown as primitive and simple people (Stafford). Esi is a strong and independent woman in the book Changes who leaves her husband to get able to live a fulfilled life. This is not the kind of thing which is usual for even a modern African woman living in contemporary times. The story starts with these words, â€Å"Esi

Define the role of government in public policy Research Paper

Define the role of government in public policy - Research Paper Example ich it can never be for the interest of any individual, or small number of individuals, to erect and maintain; because profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, though it may frequently do much more than repay it to a great society.† Adam Smith’s statement can be interpreted to mean that the role of government is in the area of defense, administration of justice, public works, and in building and maintaining institutions in the public interest. It is easy to interpret the first three: government’s role is in defense, justice, and in public works. However, the fourth can have several interpretations. In any case, much of economics has maintained that market is far more efficient than government in allocating private goods and services---provided that the goods or services have no externalities or additional benefits or harm (Rosen, 1995, pp. 61-89). Supposedly, there are also public goods which can be in the best interest of the public that government provides. However, much of economics has said that although government has a responsibility in making public goods or services available, the government can mobilize the private sector to produce the goods or services. Thus, this is the rationale for p rivatization and public-private partnerships: to make available certain goods and services that would be in the interest of the public to make available. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Bentham Mill, and Jean Jacques Rosseau emphasized a social contract between rulers and the ruled (Gaus & Kukathas, 2004, p. 23-24). However, given the possible variations of feasible interpretations that can be made on the statement of Adam Smith and given the range of needs that the ruled can demand on rulers on what constitute their obligations as rulers, the role of government in public policy can be anything that the public has successfully asserted politically. Of course, economists can talk of efficiency but as was